List of world's fairs
This is a chronological list of international or colonial world's fairs.
1790s
[edit]- 1791 – Prague, Bohemia – first industrial exhibition on the occasion of the coronation of Leopold II as king of Bohemia, took place in Clementinum, a site of considerable sophistication of manufacturing methods. For this occasion, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote his final opera La clemenza di Tito.[1]
- 1798 – Paris, France – L'Exposition des produits de l'industrie française, Paris, 1798.[2] This was the first public industrial exposition in France although earlier in 1798 the Marquis d'Avèze had held a private exposition of handicrafts and manufactured goods at the Maison d'Orsay in the Rue de Varenne and it was this that suggested the idea of a public exposition to Nicolas François de Neufchâteau, Minister of the Interior for the French Republic.[3]
1800s
[edit]- 1801 – Paris, France – Second Exposition (1801). After the success of the exposition of 1798 a series of expositions for French manufacturing followed (1801, 1802, 1806, 1819, 1823, 1827, 1834, 1844 and 1849) until the first properly international (or universal) exposition in France in 1855.[4]
- 1802 – Paris, France – Third Exposition (1802)[4]
- 1806 – Paris, France – Fourth Exposition (1806)[4]
1810s
[edit]- 1819 – Paris, France – Fifth Exposition (1819)[4]
1820s
[edit]- 1823 – Paris, France – Sixth Exposition (1823)[4]
- 1827 – Paris, France – Seventh Exposition (1827)[4]
- 1829 – New York City, United States – American Institute Fair
- 1829 – Turin, Piedmont-Sardinia – Prima Triennale Pubblica Esposizione dell’anno 1829. In Turin, a second 'triennale' followed in 1832 before other national agricultural, industrial, commercial, and applied arts expositions there in 1838, 1844, 1850 and 1858.[5]
1830s
[edit]- 1832 – Turin, Piedmont-Sardinia – Seconda Triennale Pubblica Esposizione dell’anno 1832.[6]
- 1834 – Paris, France – French Industrial Exposition of 1834[4]
- 1838 – Turin, Piedmont-Sardinia – Pubblica esposizione dell'anno 1838.[7]
- 1839 – Paris, France – Ninth Exposition (1839)[8]
1840s
[edit]- 1844 – Paris, France – French Industrial (Tenth) Exposition of 1844[4]
- 1844 – Turin, Piedmont-Sardinia – Quarta Esposizione d'Industria et di Belle Arti.[9]
- 1846 – Genoa, Piedmont-Sardinia – Esposizione dei Prodotti e delle Manufatture nazionali[citation needed]
- 1849 – Birmingham, United Kingdom – Exhibition of Industrial Arts and Manufacturers[10]
- 1849 – London, United Kingdom – First Exhibition of British Manufacturers (1849)[11]
- 1849 – Paris, France – Eleventh Exposition (1849)[4]
1850s
[edit]- 1850 – Turin, Piedmont-Sardinia – Quinta Esposizione di Industria e di Belle Arti[12]
- 1851 – London, United Kingdom – The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations – The Crystal Palace (typically listed as the "first world's fair")[13]
- 1852 – Cork, Ireland – Irish Industrial Exhibition[14]
- 1853 – Naples, Two Sicilies – Solenne Pubblica Esposizione di Arti e Manifatture[15]
- 1853–1854 – New York City, United States – Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations[13]
- 1853 – Dublin, Ireland – Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)[13]
- 1854 – Genoa, Piedmont-Sardinia – Esposizione Industriale[16]
- 1854 – Munich, Bavaria – General German Industrial Exhibition (Allgemeine deutsche Industrie-Ausstellung)[17]
- 1854 – Melbourne, Victoria – Melbourne Exhibition (in conjunction with Exposition Universelle (1855))[17]
- 1855 – Paris, France – Exposition Universelle (1855)[13][17]
- 1856 – Brussels, Belgium – International Exhibition[18]
- 1857 – Manchester, United Kingdom – Art Treasures Exhibition at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Stretford[14]
- 1857 – Lausanne, Switzerland – Lausanne Exhibition[18]
- 1858 – Dijon, France – Dijon Exposition[19]
- 1858 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States – Philadelphia Technological Exhibition[20]
- 1858 – Turin, Piedmont-Sardinia – Sesta Esposizione Nazionale di Prodotti d'Industria[14][21]
1860s
[edit]- 1860 – Montreal, Quebec, Canada - Grand Exhibition of the Industrial Products of United Canada at the Crystal Palace (Montreal)
- 1861 – Brisbane, Queensland – First Queensland Exhibition
- 1861 – Melbourne, Victoria – Second Victorian Exhibition
- 1861 – Metz, France – Exposition Universelle (1861)[22]
- 1861 – Amsterdam, Netherlands – Fisheries Exposition[23]
- 1862 – Geelong, Victoria - Exhibition of Art, Science and Industry
- 1862 – London, United Kingdom – 1862 International Exhibition[13][17]
- 1864 – Bayonne, France – Franco-Spanish Exposition[citation needed]
- 1865 – Cologne, Prussia – International Agricultural Exhibition[24]
- 1865 – Bergen, Norway – International Fisheries Exhibition[23]
- 1865 – Batavia, Dutch East Indies – Industrial and Agricultural Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1865 – Dunedin, New Zealand – New Zealand Exhibition[25]
- 1865 – Dublin, United Kingdom – International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures[13][26]
- 1865 – Freetown, Sierra Leone – Sierra Leone Exhibition[27]
- 1865 – Porto, Portugal – 1865 International Exhibition[28]
- 1866 – Ballarat, Victoria – National Industrial Exhibition
- 1866 – Melbourne, Victoria – Intercolonial Exhibition of Australasia
- 1866 – Boulogne-sur-Mer, France – International Fisheries Exposition[23]
- 1866 – Arcachon, France – International Exposition of Fish and Water Products[23]
- 1866 – Stockholm, Sweden – Scandinavian Industrial Exhibition[29]
- 1867 – Paris, France – Exposition Universelle (1867)[13][17]
- 1867 – The Hague, Netherlands – International Maritime Exhibition[23]
- 1867 – Aarhaus, Denmark – International Maritime Exhibition[23]
- 1867 – Vienna, Austria – International Maritime Exhibition[23]
- 1867 – Gothenburg, Sweden – International Maritime Exhibition[23]
- 1868 – Le Havre, France – International Maritime Exposition[23]
- 1869 – Amsterdam, Netherlands – International Exhibition of Domestic Economy[18]
1870s
[edit]- 1870 – Sydney, New South Wales – Intercolonial Exhibition (1870)[30]
- 1871 – Córdoba, Argentina – Exposición Nacional[18]
- 1871 – London, United Kingdom – First Annual International Exhibition (1871)[13]
- 1871 – Naples, Italy – International Maritime Exposition[23]
- 1872 – Hamilton, Bermuda – Industrial and Loan Exhibition
- 1872 – Copenhagen, Denmark – Second Scandinavian Exhibition of Arts and Industry[31]
- 1872 – London, United Kingdom – Second Annual International Exhibition (1872)[13]
- 1872 – Christchurch, New Zealand – New Zealand Interprovincial Exhibition
- 1872 – Lima, Peru – Lima International Exhibition[32]
- 1872 – Lyon, France – Exposition Universelle et Internationale (1872)[33]
- 1872 – Kyoto, Japan – Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures (1872)[30]
- 1873 – London, United Kingdom – Third Annual International Exhibition (1873)[13]
- 1873 – Vienna, Austria – Weltausstellung 1873 Wien[13][17]
- 1873 – Sydney, New South Wales – Metropolitan Intercolonial Exhibition (1873)
- 1874 – London, United Kingdom – Fourth Annual International Exhibition (1874)[13]
- 1874 – Dublin, United Kingdom[34] – International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures (1874)
- 1874 – Rome, Italy – Esposizione internazionale (1874) (never held)[35]
- 1874 – Jamestown, Saint Helena – St. Helena Industrial Exhibition[36]
- 1874 – Marseille, France – Exhibition of Modern Inventions and Discoveries[37]
- 1874 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States – Franklin Institute Exhibition[38]
- 1875 – Melbourne, Victoria – Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition[30]
- 1875 – Nizhni Novgorod, Russia – Nizhni Novgorod Fair (1875)[30]
- 1875 – Sydney, New South Wales – Intercolonial Exhibition (1875)
- 1875 – Santiago, Chile – Chilean International Exhibition[30]
- 1876 – Brussels, Belgium – International Exposition of Hygiene and Life-saving Apparatus[39]
- 1876 – Helsinki, Finland – Finnish General Exhibition[40]
- 1876 – Adelaide, South Australia – Adelaide Industrial Exhibition
- 1876 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States – Centennial Exposition[13][17]
- 1876 – Brisbane, Queensland – Intercolonial Exhibition (1876)[41]
- 1876 – London, United Kingdom – London Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus[42][20]
- 1877 – Cape Town, Cape Colony – South African International Exhibition[43]
- 1877 – Tokyo, Japan – First National Industrial Exhibition (1877) (Ueno Park)[44]
- 1877 – Sydney, New South Wales – Sydney Metropolitan and Intercolonial Exhibition
- 1877 – Adelaide, South Australia – Adelaide Industrial Exhibition
- 1878 – Paris, France – Exposition Universelle (1878)[13][17]
- 1878 – Ballarat, Victoria – Australian Juvenile Industrial Exhibition (1878)[30]
- 1878 – London, United Kingdom – International Fisheries Exhibition[23]
- 1879 – Bendigo, Victoria – Juvenile Industrial Exhibition
- 1879 – Geelong, Victoria – Geelong Juvenile and Industrial Exhibition
- 1879 – Sydney, New South Wales – Intercolonial Juvenile Industrial Exhibition
- 1879 – Sydney, New South Wales – Sydney International Exhibition[13][17]
- 1879 – Melbourne, Victoria – Intercolonial Juvenile Industrial Exhibition (1879)[45]
- 1879 – Kilburn, United Kingdom – International Agricultural Exhibition[46]
1880s
[edit]- 1880 – Berlin, Germany – International Fisheries Exhibition[23]
- 1880 – Christchurch, New Zealand – Christchurch Industrial Exhibition
- 1880 – Adelaide, South Australia – Industrial and Juvenile Exhibition
- 1880 – Glasgow, United Kingdom – Glasgow Electrical Exhibition[47][20]
- 1880-1881 – Melbourne, Victoria – Melbourne International Exhibition[13]
- 1881 – Adelaide, South Australia – Adelaide Exhibition.[48]
- 1881 – Matanzas, Cuba – Exhibition of Matanzas
- 1881 – Milwaukee, Wisconsin – Milwaukee Industrial Exposition[49]
- 1881 – Paris, France – International Exposition of Electricity, Paris[30]
- 1881 – Dunedin, New Zealand – Dunedin Industrial Exhibition
- 1881 – Atlanta, Georgia, United States – International Cotton Exposition[13]
- 1881 – Budapest, Austria-Hungary – Országos Nőipari Kiállitás[citation needed][50]
- 1881 – London, United Kingdom – International Medical and Sanitary Exhibition[51]
- 1881 – Tokyo, Japan – Second National Industrial Exhibition[52]
- 1881-1882 – Perth, Western Australia – Perth International Exhibition[53]
- 1882 – Lille, France – International Exposition of Industrial Art[citation needed]
- 1882 – Munich, Germany – International Electrical Exposition[citation needed]
- 1882 – Christchurch, New Zealand – New Zealand International Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1882 – London, United Kingdom – Crystal Palace Electric Exhibition[54]
- 1882 – Edinburgh, United Kingdom – International Fisheries Exhibition[55]
- 1882 – Bordeaux, France – Exposition internationale des vins[30]
- 1882 – Buenos Aires, Argentina – South American Continental Exhibition (Exposición Continental Sud-Americana)[56]
- 1883 – London, United Kingdom – International Electric Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1883 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – International Electrical Exposition[citation needed]
- 1883 – Cork, United Kingdom – Cork Industrial Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1883 – Amsterdam, Netherlands – International Colonial and Export Exhibition[13]
- 1883 – Calcutta, India – Calcutta International Exhibition[13]
- 1883 – Marseilles, France – International Maritime Exposition[citation needed]
- 1883 – Christchurch, New Zealand – All Colonial Exhibition
- 1883 – Madrid, Spain – Exposition of Mining and Metallurgy[citation needed]
- 1883 – South Kensington, United Kingdom – International Fisheries Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1883 – Parramatta, New South Wales – Intercolonial Juvenile Industrial Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1883 – Hobart, Tasmania – Tasmanian Juvenile and Industrial Exhibition
- 1883 – Launceston, Tasmania – Art and Industrial Exhibition
- 1883 – Louisville, Kentucky, United States – Southern Exposition[13]
- 1883 – New York City, United States – World's Fair (1883) (never held)[35]
- 1883 – Caracas, Venezuela – National Exposition of Venezuela
- 1883–1884 – Boston, Massachusetts, United States – The American Exhibition of the Products, Arts and Manufactures of Foreign Nations[57]
- 1884 – Nice, France – International Exposition of Nice[58]
- 1884 – Amsterdam, Netherlands – International Agricultural Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1884 – London, United Kingdom – London International Universal Exhibition[59]
- 1884 – South Kensington, United Kingdom – International Health and Education Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1884 – Cape Town, Cape Colony – South African Industrial Exhibition
- 1884 – Durban, South Africa – Natal Agricultural, Horticultural, Industrial and Art Exhibition[60]
- 1884 – New Orleans, Louisiana, United States – World Cotton Centennial[13]
- 1884 – Melbourne, Victoria[30] – Victorian International Exhibition 1884 of Wine, Fruit, Grain & other products of the soil of Australasia with machinery, plant and tools employed
- 1884 – Edinburgh, United Kingdom – First International Forestry Exhibition[30]
- 1884 – Turin, Italy – Esposizione Generale Italiana[30]
- 1884 – Adelaide, South Australia – Grand Industrial Exhibition
- 1885 – Melbourne, Victoria – Victorians' Jubilee Exhibition (1885) (Jubilee of Victoria Exhibition)[citation needed]
- 1885 – Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony (now South Africa) – South African Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1885 – Antwerp, Belgium – Exposition Universelle d'Anvers (1885)[13]
- 1885 – Nuremberg, Germany – International Exposition of Metals and Metallurgy[citation needed]
- 1885 – Budapest, Hungary – Hungarian National Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1885 – Wellington, New Zealand – New Zealand Industrial Exhibition[61]
- 1885 – Zaragoza, Spain – Aragonese Exposition[citation needed]
- 1885 – London, United Kingdom – International Inventions Exhibition[62]
- 1886 – London, United Kingdom – Colonial and Indian Exhibition (1886)[13]
- 1886 – Edinburgh, United Kingdom – International Exhibition of Industry, Science and Art[13]
- 1886 – Liverpool, United Kingdom – International Exhibition of Navigation, Commerce and Industry (1886)[61][63]
- 1886 – Bendigo, Victoria – Juvenile and Industrial Exhibition
- 1886 – Launceston, Tasmania – Launceston Industrial Exhibition
- 1886 – Perth, Western Australia – West Australian Exhibition
- 1887 – Le Havre, France – International Maritime Exposition[citation needed]
- 1887 – Atlanta, United States – Piedmont Exposition[citation needed]
- 1887 – Geelong, Victoria – Geelong Jubilee Juvenile and Industrial Exhibition (1887)[citation needed]
- 1887 – Manchester, United Kingdom – Royal Jubilee Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1887 – London, United Kingdom – American Exhibition[61]
- 1887 – Newcastle, United Kingdom – Royal Mining Engineering Jubilee Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1887 – Rome, Italy – Esposizione mondiale (1887)[citation needed]
- 1887 – Madrid, Spain – Exposición General de las Islas Filipinas[64][65]
- 1887–1888 – Adelaide, South Australia – Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition (1887)[13]
- 1888 – Glasgow, United Kingdom – International Exhibition (1888)[13]
- 1888 – Brussels, Belgium – Grand Concours International des Sciences et de l'Industrie (1888)[61]
- 1888 – Barcelona, Spain – Exposición Universal de Barcelona (1888)[13]
- 1888 – Cincinnati, Ohio – Cincinnati Centennial Exposition (1888)[66]
- 1888 – Lisbon, Portugal – Exposição Industrial Portugueza (1888)[67]
- 1888 – Copenhagen, Denmark – The Nordic Exhibition of 1888 (Nordiske Industri-Landbrugs og Kunstudstilling)[61]
- 1888–1889 – Melbourne, Victoria – Melbourne Centennial Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1888–1889 – Melbourne, Victoria – Victorian Juvenile Industrial Exhibition (1888)[13]
- 1889 – Paris, France – Exposition Universelle (1889) – Eiffel Tower[citation needed]
- 1889 – Dunedin, New Zealand – New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition (1889)[13]
- 1889 – Buffalo, New York, United States – International Industrial Fair (1889)[citation needed]
1890s
[edit]- 1890 – Buenos Aires, Argentina – Agricultural Exhibition
- 1890 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – Agricultural and Forestry Exposition[citation needed]
- 1890 – Bremen, Germany – Nord-West-Deutsche Gewerbe und Industrie-Ausstellung[61]
- 1890 – London, United Kingdom – International Exhibition of Mining and Metallurgy[citation needed][68]
- 1890 – Edinburgh, United Kingdom – International Exhibition of Science, Art & Industry[55]
- 1890 – Ballarat, Victoria - Australian Juvenile Industrial Exhibition
- 1891 – Moscow, Russia – Exposition française[citation needed]
- 1891 – Frankfurt, Germany – International Electrotechnical Exhibition[69]
- 1891 – Kingston, Jamaica – International Exhibition (1891)[13]
- 1891 – Prague, Austria-Hungary – General Land Centennial Exhibition (1891) at the Prague Exhibition Grounds [1]
- 1891 – Adelaide, South Australia – Industrial Exhibition of South Australian Industries, Products and Manufactures
- 1891 – Port of Spain – Trinidad and Tobago Exhibition
- 1891–1892 – Launceston, Tasmania – Tasmanian International Exhibition (1891)[61]
- 1892 – Grenoble, France – International Alpine Exposition of Grenoble
- 1892 – Genoa, Italy – Esposizione Italo-Americana (1892)
- 1892 – Washington, D.C., United States – Exposition of the Three Americas (1892) (never held)[35]
- 1892 – London, United Kingdom – Crystal Palace Electrical Exhibition
- 1892 – Kimberley, Cape of Good Hope – South African and International Exhibition[70]
- 1892–1893 – Madrid, Spain – Historical American Exposition[13]
- 1893 – Chicago, Illinois, United States – World's Columbian Exposition[13] – Palace of Fine Arts and the World's Congress Auxiliary Building
- 1893 – New York City, United States – World's Fair Prize Winners' Exposition (1893)
- 1894 – San Francisco, California, United States – California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894[13]
- 1894 – Antwerp, Belgium – Exposition Internationale d'Anvers (1894)[13]
- 1894 – Santiago, Chile – International Mining and Metallurgical Exposition
- 1894 – Lyons, France – Exposition internationale et coloniale[61]
- 1894 – Manchester, United Kingdom – British and Colonial Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1894 – Porto, Portugal – Exposição Insular e Colonial Portugueza (1894)[citation needed]
- 1894 – Fremantle, Western Australia – Fremantle Industrial Exhibition
- 1895 – Adelaide, South Australia – Exhibition of Art and Industry
- 1895 - Charleroi, Belgium - Exposition internationale, industrielle, commerciale, agricole et horticole, avec annexes scientifiques et artistiques et concours ouvriers
- 1895 – Hobart, Tasmania – Tasmanian International Exhibition (1895)[13]
- 1895 – Ballarat, Victoria – Australian Industrial Exhibition (1895)[citation needed]
- 1895 – Bordeaux, France – Bordeaux Exposition
- 1895 – Kyoto, Japan – National Japanese Exhibition
- 1895 – Christchurch, New Zealand – Art and Industrial Exhibition
- 1895 – Atlanta, Georgia, United States – Cotton States and International Exposition (1895) (Atlanta Exposition)[71]
- 1895 – Montevideo, Uruguay - National Agricultural Exhibition
- 1896 – Rouen, France – National and Colonial Exposition[citation needed]
- 1896 – Kiel, Germany – International Shipping and Fishery Exposition[citation needed]
- 1896 – Budapest, Austria-Hungary – Hungarian Millenary Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1896 – Wellington, New Zealand – Wellington Industrial Exhibition
- 1896 – Nizhny Novgorod, Russia – Pan Russian Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1896 – Malmö, Sweden – Nordic Industrial and Handicraft Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1896 – Berlin, Germany – Great Industrial Exposition of Berlin[61]
- 1896 – Mexico City, Mexico – International Exposition (1896) (never held)[35]
- 1896 – Cardiff, United Kingdom – Cardiff Fine Arts, Industrial, and Maritime Exhibition[72]
- 1896 – Geneva, Switzerland – Exposition National Suisse
- 1897 – Brussels, Belgium – Exposition Internationale de Bruxelles (1897)[71]
- 1897 – Arcachon, France – Arcachon International Exposition[73]
- 1897 – Guatemala City, Guatemala – Exposición Centroamericana[71]
- 1897 – London, United Kingdom – Imperial Victorian Exhibition[74]
- 1897 – Brisbane, Queensland – Queensland International Exhibition[75]
- 1897 – Chicago, Illinois, United States – Irish Fair (1897)[citation needed]
- 1897 – Nashville, Tennessee, United States – Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition[71]
- 1897 – Stockholm, Sweden – General Art and Industrial Exposition of Stockholm[71]
- 1897 – Kiev, Russian Empire – Agricultural Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1898 – Buenos Aires, Argentina – National Exhibition
- 1898 – Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire – Universal Scientific and Philanthropic Exposition (1898)[citation needed]
- 1898 – Auckland, New Zealand – Auckland Industrial and Mining Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1898 – Dunedin, New Zealand – Otago Jubilee Industrial Exhibition (1898)[citation needed]
- 1898 – Omaha, Nebraska, United States – Trans-Mississippi Exposition[71]
- 1898 – Bergen, Norway – International Fisheries Exposition (1898)[citation needed]
- 1898 – Munich, Germany – Kraft – und Arbeitsmaschinen-Ausstellung (1898)
- 1898 – San Francisco, California, United States – California's Golden Jubilee (1898)[76]
- 1898 – Turin, Italy – Esposizione Generale Italiana[75]
- 1898 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – Jubiläums-Ausstellung[75]
- 1898 – Launceston, Tasmania – Tasmanian Juvenile Industrial Exhibition
- 1898 – Grahamstown, South Africa – Industrial and Arts Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1899 – Coolgardie, Western Australia – Western Australian International Mining and Industrial Exhibition[75]
- 1899 – Como, Italy – Como Electrical Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1899 – Omaha, Nebraska, United States – Greater America Exposition
- 1899 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States – National Export Exposition[75]
- 1899 – London, United Kingdom – Greater Britain Exhibition[77]
1900s
[edit]- 1900 – Paris, France – Exposition Universelle (1900)[71] – Le Grand Palais
- 1900 – Adelaide, South Australia – Century Exhibition of Arts and Industries (1900)[citation needed]
- 1900 – Christchurch, New Zealand – Canterbury Jubilee Industrial Exhibition
- 1901 – Bendigo, Australia – Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition
- 1901 – Buffalo, New York, United States – Pan-American Exposition[71]
- 1901 – Glasgow, United Kingdom – Glasgow International Exhibition (1901)[71]
- 1901 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – Bosnische Weihnachts-Ausstellung (1901)
- 1901 – Charleston, South Carolina, United States – South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition[71]
- 1902 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – International Fishery Exposition
- 1902 – Turin, Italy – Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna[71]
- 1902 – Hanoi, French Indochina – Hanoi exhibition (Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale)[71]
- 1902 – Lille, France – International Exposition of Lille
- 1902 – Cork, United Kingdom – Cork International Exhibition[78]
- 1902 – Wolverhampton, United Kingdom – Wolverhampton Art and Industrial Exhibition
- 1902 – St. Petersburg, Russia – International Fisheries Exhibition
- 1902 – New York City, United States – United States, Colonial and International Exposition (1902) (never held)[35]
- 1902 – Toledo, Ohio, United States – Ohio Centennial and Northwest Territory Exposition (1902) – (never held)[35]
- 1903 – Melbourne, Australia – Australian Federal International Exhibition
- 1903 – Osaka, Japan – Fifth National Industrial Exhibition[75]
- 1904 – St. Louis, Missouri, United States – Louisiana Purchase Exposition[71] (also called Louisiana Purchase International Exposition and Olympic Games ): 1904 Summer Olympics
- 1904 – Cape Town, South Africa – Cape Town Industrial Exhibition
- 1905 – Portland, Oregon, United States – Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition[71]
- 1905 – Liège, Belgium – Exposition universelle et internationale de Liège (1905)[71]
- 1905 – London, United Kingdom – Naval, Shipping and Fisheries Exhibition[75]
- 1905 – New York City, United States – Irish Industrial Exposition (1905)[79]
- 1906 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – Hygiene Exhibition
- 1906 – Milan, Italy – Esposizione Internazionale del Sempione[71]
- 1906 – London, United Kingdom – Imperial Austrian Exhibition[75]
- 1906 – Marseille, France – Exposition coloniale (1906)[80]
- 1906 – Bucharest, Romania – Romanian General Exposition
- 1906 – Tourcoing, France – International Exposition of Textile Industries
- 1906–1907 – Christchurch, New Zealand – International Exhibition (1906)[71]
- 1907 – Bordeaux, France – International Maritime Exposition
- 1907 – Tokyo, Japan – Tokyo Industrial Exhibition
- 1907 – Bergen, Norway – Nordic Marine Motor Exhibition
- 1907 – Dublin, United Kingdom – Irish International Exhibition[71]
- 1907 – Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States – Jamestown Exposition
- 1907 – Chicago, Illinois, United States – World's Pure Food Exposition (1907)[citation needed]
- 1907 – Mannheim, Germany – Internationale Kunst-Ausstellung (1907)[citation needed]
- 1908 – Marseille, France – Exposition of Electricity
- 1908 – Trondheim, Norway – Scandinavian Fisheries Exhibition
- 1908 – Zaragoza, Spain – Hispano-French Exposition of 1908[75]
- 1908 – London, United Kingdom – Franco-British Exhibition (1908)[71]
- 1908 – Edinburgh, United Kingdom – Scottish National Exhibition[81][82]
- 1908 – New York City, United States – International Mining Exposition (1908)
- 1908 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – Exhibition of the centenary of the opening of the Ports of Brazil
- 1908 – Marseille, France – Exposition International de l'Electricite[83][84]
- 1909 – London, United Kingdom – Imperial International Exhibition[85]
- 1909 – Nancy, France – Exposition Internationale de l'Est de la France[citation needed]
- 1909 – Seattle, Washington, United States – Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition[71]
- 1909 – New York City, United States – Hudson-Fulton Celebration[86]
- 1909 – San Francisco, California, United States – Portolá Festival (1909)[citation needed]
- 1909 – Quito, Ecuador – National Ecuadorian Exposition[75]
1910s
[edit]- 1910 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – International Hunting Exposition
- 1910 – Santiago, Chile – International Agricultural and Industrial Exposition
- 1910 – Bogotá, Colombia – Exposición del Centenario de la independencia (1910)[citation needed]
- 1910 – Nanking, China – Nanyang Industrial Exposition[71]
- 1910 – Brussels, Belgium – Brussels International 1910[71]
- 1910 – Buenos Aires, Argentina – Exposición Internacional del Centenario[citation needed]
- 1910 – Nagoya, Japan – Nagoya Industrial Exhibition
- 1910 – London, United Kingdom – Japan–British Exhibition[75]
- 1910 – San Francisco, California, United States – Admission Day Festival (1910) September 8, 9, 10[87][88][89][90][91]
- 1910 – Vienna, Austria-Hungary – Internationale Jagd-Ausstellung (1910)[75]
- 1911 – Charleroi, Belgium – Charleroi Exposition
- 1911 – Havana, Cuba – Cuban National Exposition[citation needed]
- 1911 – Roubaix, France – International Exposition of Northern France
- 1911 – Dresden, Germany – International Hygiene Exhibition[75]
- 1911 – London, United Kingdom – Coronation Exhibition (1911)[75]
- 1911 – London, United Kingdom – Festival of Empire[92]
- 1911 – Rome, Italy – Esposizione internazionale d'arte (1911)[75]
- 1911 – Wellington, New Zealand – Coronation Industrial Exhibition
- 1911 – Turin, Italy – Turin International[75]
- 1911 – Omsk, Russia – Western Siberian Exhibition
- 1911 – Glasgow, United Kingdom – Scottish Exhibition of National History, Art and Industry[75]
- 1911 – New York City, United States – International Mercantile Exposition (1911)[93]
- 1912 – Manila, Philippines – Philippine Exposition (1912)[94]
- 1912 – London, United Kingdom – Latin-British Exhibition[95]
- 1912, 1917 – Tokyo, Japan – Grand Exhibition of Japan (planned for 1912, postponed to 1917 and then never held)[96]
- 1913 – Melbourne, Australia - Great All-Australian Exhibition
- 1913 – Leipzig, Germany – International Building Trades Exposition
- 1913 – Auckland, New Zealand – Auckland Exhibition[95]
- 1913 – Ghent, Belgium – Exposition universelle et internationale (1913)[71]
- 1913 – Amsterdam, Netherlands – Tentoonstelling De Vrouw 1813–1913[97]
- 1913 – Kiev, Russian Empire – All Russian Exhibition
- 1913 – Knoxville, Tennessee, United States – National Conservation Exposition[98]
- 1914 – London, United Kingdom – Anglo-American Exhibition[95]
- 1914 – Malmö, Sweden – Baltic Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1914 – Boulogne-sur-Mer, France – International Exposition of Sea Fishery Industries (1914)[citation needed]
- 1914 – Lyon, France – Exposition internationale urbaine de Lyon[citation needed]
- 1914 – Tokyo, Japan – Tokyo Taisho Exposition
- 1914 – Cologne, Germany – Werkbund Exhibition (1914)[99]
- 1914 – Bristol, United Kingdom – International Exhibition (1914)[100]
- 1914 – Nottingham, United Kingdom – Universal Exhibition (1914) (work begun on site 1913 but never held)[101][102]
- 1914 – Semarang, Dutch East Indies – Colonial Exhibition of Semarang (Colonial Exposition)[citation needed]
- 1914 – Christiania, Norway – 1914 Jubilee Exhibition (Norges Jubilæumsutstilling)[103]
- 1914 – Baltimore, United States – National Star-Spangled Banner Centennial Celebration[104]
- 1914 – Genoa, Italy – International exhibition of marine and maritime hygiene [citation needed]
- 1915 – Casablanca, Morocco – Casablanca Fair of 1915[citation needed]
- 1915 – San Francisco, California, United States – Panama–Pacific International Exposition[71] Palace of Fine Arts
- 1915 – Panama City, Panama – Exposición Nacional de Panama (1915)[95]
- 1915 – Richmond, United States – Negro Historical and Industrial Exposition (1915)[citation needed]
- 1915 – Chicago, United States – Lincoln Jubilee and Exposition (1915)[105]
- 1915–1916 – San Diego, California, United States – Panama–California Exposition[71]
- 1916 – Wellington, New Zealand – British Commercial and Industrial Exhibition
- 1918 – New York City, United States – Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts and Industries[95]
- 1918 – Los Angeles, United States – California Liberty Fair (1918)[citation needed]
1920s
[edit]- 1920 – Adelaide, Australia – All-Australian Peace Exhibition
- 1920 – Shanghai, China – American-Chinese Exposition[35]
- 1921 – Riga, Latvia – International Exhibition of Agriculture and Industry
- 1921 – Wellington, New Zealand – Exhibition of New Zealand Industries
- 1921 – London, United Kingdom – International Exhibition of Rubber and Other Tropical Products (1921)
- 1922 – Marseille, France – Exposition nationale coloniale (1922)[95]
- 1922 – Tokyo, Japan – Peace Exhibition (1922)[citation needed]
- 1922 – Christchurch, New Zealand – Exhibition of New Zealand Industries
- 1922–1923 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – Exposição do Centenario do Brasil (1922)[71]
- 1923 – Auckland, New Zealand – Dominion Industrial Exhibition
- 1923 – Los Angeles, United States – American Historical Review and Motion Picture Exposition (1923)
- 1923 – Calcutta, India – Calcutta Exhibition (1923) preparatory to British Empire Exhibition
- 1923 – Moscow, Soviet Union – All-Russian Agricultural and Domestic Industries Exhibition
- 1923 – Gothenburg, Sweden – Gothenburg Exhibition (1923) (Jubileumsutställningens i Göteborg) (Liseberg)[95]
- 1923–1924 – Hokitika, New Zealand – British and Intercolonial Exhibition[106]
- 1924 – Wembley, London, United Kingdom – British Empire Exhibition
- 1924 – New York City, United States – French Exposition (1924)[107]
- 1924–1925 Buenos Aires, Argentina – Industrial Exposition
- 1925 – Adelaide, Australia – All-Australian Exhibition
- 1925 – Wellington, New Zealand – Dominion Industrial Exhibition
- 1925 – San Francisco, California, United States – California's Diamond Jubilee (1925)
- 1925 – Paris, France – International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts[71]
- 1925–1926 – Dunedin, New Zealand – New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition[71]
- 1926 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States – Sesquicentennial Exposition[71]
- 1926 – Berlin, Germany – Internationale Polizeiausstellung (1926)
- 1927 – Lyon, France – Foire internationale (1925)
- 1927 – Stuttgart, Germany – Werkbund Exhibition
- 1928 – Cologne, Germany – International Press Exhibition
- 1928 – Long Beach, United States – Pacific Southwest Exposition (1928)[71]
- 1929 – Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom – North East Coast Exhibition
- 1929 – Hangzhou, China – Westlake Exposition
- 1929–1930 – Seville, Spain – Ibero-American Exposition of 1929
- 1929–1930 – Barcelona, Spain,[71] – 1929 Barcelona International Exposition
1930s
[edit]- 1930 – Adelaide, Australia – All-Australian Exhibition
- 1930 – Antwerp, Belgium[71] – Exposition internationale coloniale, maritime et d'art flamand
- 1930 – Liège, Belgium[108] – Exposition internationale de la grande industrie, sciences et applications, art wallon ancien
- 1930 – Oran, Algeria – Oran Exposition
- 1930 – Dresden, Germany – International Hygiene Exposition
- 1930 – Stockholm, Sweden – Stockholm Exhibition (1930) (Utställningen av konstindustri, konsthandverk och hemslöjd)[109]
- 1930 – Trondheim, Norway – Trøndelag Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1931 – Paris, France[108] – Paris Colonial Exposition[109]
- 1931 – Berlin, Germany – International Building Exposition
- 1932 – Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine – Levant Fair[110]
- 1933 – Tokyo, Japan – Women's and Children International Exhibition
- 1933–1934 – Buenos Aires, Argentina – Industrial Exposition
- 1933–1934 – Chicago, Illinois, United States[108] – Century of Progress International Exposition[109]
- 1934 – Melbourne, Australia – Centenary All Australian Exhibition
- 1934 – Porto, Portugal – Portuguese colonial exhibition[95][109]
- 1934 – Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine – Levant Fair[109]
- 1935 – Yokohama, Japan – Grand Yokohama Exposition
- 1935 – Moscow, Soviet Union – All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (VSKhV)[citation needed]
- 1935 – Brussels, Belgium[108][109] – Brussels International Exposition (1935)
- 1935 – Porto Alegre, Brazil – Farroupilha Revolution centennial fair[109]
- 1935 – Taipei. Taiwan – The Taiwan Exposition: In Commemoration of the First Forty Years of Colonial Rule[111]
- 1935–1936 – San Diego, California United States[108] – California Pacific International Exposition[109]
- 1936 – Adelaide, Australia – Adelaide Centennial Exhibition
- 1936 – Stockholm, Sweden[112] ILIS 1936
- 1936 – Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine – Levant Fair[113]
- 1936 – Cleveland, United States – Great Lakes Exposition[95]
- 1936 – Dallas, Texas, United States – Texas Centennial Exposition[95]
- 1936–1937 – Johannesburg, South Africa[108] – Empire Exhibition, South Africa[114][109]
- 1937 – Cleveland, Ohio, United States – Great Lakes Exposition[115]
- 1937 – Dallas, United States – Greater Texas & Pan-American Exposition[95][109]
- 1937 – Berlin, Germany – International Hunting Exposition
- 1937 – Düsseldorf, Germany – Reichsausstellung Schaffendes Volk[95]
- 1937 – Miami, United States[109] – Pan American Fair (1937)
- 1937 – Paris, France[108][109] – Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937)
- 1937 – Nagoya, Japan – Nagoya Pan-Pacific Peace Exposition[109]
- 1938 – Berlin, Germany – International Handiworks Exposition
- 1938 – Glasgow, United Kingdom[108] – Empire Exhibition, Scotland 1938
- 1938 – Helsinki, Finland[112] Second International Aeronautic Exhibition
- 1939 – Wellington, New Zealand[109] – New Zealand Centennial Exhibition
- 1939 – Liège, Belgium – Exposition internationale de l'eau (1939)[95][112]
- 1939 – Zürich, Switzerland – Schweizerische Landesausstellung
- 1939 – Moscow, Soviet Union – All-Union Agricultural Exhibition
- 1939–1940 – New York City, United States[108] – 1939 New York World's Fair (exhibits included The World of Tomorrow, Futurama, Trylon and Perisphere)
- 1939–1940 – San Francisco, California, United States[108] – Golden Gate International Exposition
1940s
[edit]- 1940 – Lisbon, Portugal[108] – Portuguese World Exhibition
- 1940 – Chicago, Illinois, United States – American Negro Exposition
- 1940 – Los Angeles, California, United States – Pacific Mercado (1940) (never held)[35][116]
- 1940 – Naples, Italy – Mostra Triennale delle Terre Italiane d’Oltremare (Triennial Exhibition of Overseas Italian Territories)
- 1940 – Tokyo, Japan – Grand International Exposition of Japan (1940) (never held)[35][116]
- 1942 – Los Angeles, California, United States – Cabrillo Fair (1942) (never held)[35]
- 1942 – Rome, Italy – Esposizione universale (1942) (E42) (never held)[35][116]
- 1943 – Stockholm, Sweden – Norwegian Exhibition[117]
- 1947 – Paris, France[112] – International Exhibition on Urbanism and Housing
- 1948 – Brussels, Belgium – Foire coloniale (1948)
- 1949 – Stockholm, Sweden – Universal Sport Exhibition[112]
- 1949 – Lyon, France[112] – International Exhibition on Urbanism and Housing
- 1949–1950 – Port-au-Prince, Haiti[108] – Exposition internationale du bicentenaire de Port-au-Prince
1950s
[edit]- 1951 – Lille, France[112] – The International Textile Exhibition[118]
- 1951 – London, United Kingdom[108] – Festival of Britain – Skylon
- 1952 – Colombo, Ceylon – Colombo Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1953 – St Louis, Missouri, United States – intended to commemorate the Louisiana Purchase's sesquicentennial, but never held[116]
- 1953 – Manila, Philippines – the Philippines International Fair of 1953, 1 February – 30 April 1953, to show off the recovery of the Philippines from WW2 and as the first democracy in the Far East[119][120][121][122]
- 1953 – Jerusalem, Israel – International Exhibition and Fair Jerusalem Israel Conquest of the desert[112]
- 1953 – Rome, Italy – Agricultural Exposition of Rome EA 53 Rome[112][123]
- 1954 – Naples, Italy – Oltremare Exhibition – Campi Flegrei[112][123]
- 1954 – Bogota, Colombia – First International Industry and Commerce Fair of Bogota[citation needed]
- 1954 - Damascus, Syria – "Damascus World Fair".
- 1954–1955 – São Paulo, Brazil – Fourth Centenary Exhibition[citation needed]
- 1955 – Turin, Italy – International Expo of Sport Turin 1955[112][123]
- 1955 – Helsingborg, Sweden[112] Helsingborg Exhibition 1955[124]
- 1955 – Ciudad Trujillo (Santo Domingo), Dominican Republic – Feria de la Paz y Confraternidad del Mundo Libre[95]
- 1956 – Beit Dagan, Israel – Exhibition of citriculture[112]
- 1957 – Berlin[112] International Building Exposition[125]
- 1958 – Brussels, Belgium[108] – Expo '58 (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Bruxelles) – Atomium
- 1959 – New Delhi, India – World Agricultural Fair[126]
- 1959 – Moscow, Soviet Union – VDNKh[127]
1960s
[edit]- 1960 – cancelled (planned site: Caracas, Venezuela)
- 1961 – Turin, Italy – Exposition International du Travail[112][128] Expo 61
- 1962 – Seattle, United States[108] – Century 21 Exposition – Space Needle
- 1964 – Lausanne, Switzerland – Expo 64 – Schweizerische Landesausstellung
- 1964–1965 – New York City, United States[108] – 1964/1965 New York World's Fair (note: not sanctioned by the Bureau International des Expositions) – Unisphere
- 1965 – Munich, Germany – International Exhibition of Transport and Communication[129]
- 1967 – Montreal, Quebec, Canada[108] – Expo 67, (Universal and International Exhibition of 1967)
- 1968 – San Antonio, Texas, United States[108][112] – HemisFair '68 – Tower of the Americas
1970s
[edit]- 1970 – Osaka, Japan[108] – Expo '70 (Japan World Exposition)
- 1971 – Budapest, Hungary[112][130] – Expo 71 (Exhibition World of Hunting)
- 1974 – Spokane, Washington, United States[108][112] – Expo '74 (International Exposition on the Environment) – Riverfront Park
- 1975 – Okinawa, Japan[108][112] – Expo '75 (International Ocean Exposition)
1980s
[edit]- 1981 – Plovdiv, Bulgaria – Expo 81[131]
- 1982 – Knoxville, Tennessee, United States[112] – 1982 World's Fair (International Energy Exposition) – Sunsphere
- 1984 – New Orleans, Louisiana, United States[108][112] – 1984 Louisiana World Exposition [a.k.a., 1984 World's Fair] (Theme: "Fresh Water As A Source of Life")
- 1984 – Liverpool, United Kingdom International Garden Festival Liverpool'84
- 1985 – Plovdiv, Bulgaria – Expo 85[132]
- 1985 – Tsukuba, Japan[108][112] – Expo 85
- 1986 – Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada[108][112] – Expo 86 (1986 World Exposition)
- 1988 – Brisbane, Australia[108][112] – Expo '88 (World Expo '88) – Skyneedle
- 1989 – Nagoya, Japan – World Design Exhibition 1989
1990s
[edit]- 1991 – Plovdiv, Bulgaria – Second World Exhibition of inventions of the young[112][133]
- 1992 – three expositions (1 was cancelled) celebrating 500 years since Christopher Columbus reached the Americas
- Seville, Spain[108] – Seville Expo '92 Universal Exposition, port where Columbus started his voyage
- Genoa, Italy[108] – Genoa Expo '92 Specialized Exposition, city where Columbus was born
- Columbus, Ohio, United States - AmeriFlora '92 Horticultural Exposition, city named in honor of Columbus
- Chicago, Illinois, United States (Cancelled)[134] – meant to generically represent the Americas-side of Columbus' voyage
- 1993 – Daejeon (Taejon), South Korea[108] – Expo '93
- 1995 – Vienna, Austria which was proposed to be a joint exhibition with Budapest. This was never held[134]
- 1996 – cancelled (planned site: Budapest, Hungary)[134]
- 1998 – Lisbon, Portugal[108] – Expo '98
- 1999 – Kunming, China – World Horticultural Exposition[95]
2000s
[edit]- 2000 – Hanover, Germany[135] – Expo 2000
- 2000 – Greenwich, London, United Kingdom – Millennium Dome[95]
- 2002 – cancelled (planned site: Metro Manila, Philippines)[136][137]
- 2002 – cancelled (planned site: Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia)[137]
- 2002 – Biel, Murten, Neuchâtel and Yverdon-les-Bains in Switzerland – Expo.02
- 2004 – cancelled (planned site: Seine-Saint-Denis, France)[138]
- 2004 – Barcelona, Spain – Universal Forum of World Cultures[95]
- 2005 – Aichi, Japan – Expo 2005[139]
- 2008 – Zaragoza, Spain – Expo 2008[140]
2010s
[edit]- 2010 – Shanghai,[135] China – Expo 2010
- 2012 – Yeosu,[141] South Korea – Expo 2012
- 2015 – Milan, Italy – Expo 2015
- 2017 – Astana, Kazakhstan – Expo 2017
2020s
[edit]- 2021–2022[142] – Dubai, United Arab Emirates — Expo 2020[143]
- 2023 – Buenos Aires, Argentina — Expo 2023[144] – cancelled
- 2025 – Osaka, Japan[145] — Expo 2025
- 2027 – Belgrade, Serbia - Expo 2027
2030s
[edit]- 2030 – Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - Expo 2030
Future bids and candidate cities
[edit]2035
[edit]- 2035 - Germany plans to bid for the Expo 2035 in Berlin[146]
- 2035 - Egypt plans to bid for the Expo 2035 in New Administrative Capital[147]
- 2035 - South Korea plans to bid for the Expo 2035 in Busan[148]
See also
[edit]References
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- ^ "Arthur Chandler, The First Industrial Exposition: L'Exposition publique des produits de l'industrie française, Paris, 1798". Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- ^ F. C. Danvers, 'International Exhibitions,' Quarterly Journal of Science 4:4 (October 1867) 488–499.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i 'Sketch of the French Expositions,' Hogg's Instructor New Series 6 (1851) 372–373.
- ^ Bigatti, Giorgio; Onger, Sergio (2007). Arti, tecnologia, progetto: le esposizioni d'industria in Italia prima dell'unità (in Italian). FrancoAngeli. ISBN 978-88-464-8547-2.
- ^ Raimondo Riccini, 'Tracce di design. La produzione di oggetti fra tecnica e arti applicate,' in Giorgio Bigatti and Sergio Onger (eds), Arti technologi pogeto: Le exposizioni d'industria in Italia prima dell'Unità (Milan: FrancoAngeli, 2007) 257–276, 266.
- ^ Giudicio della Regia Camera di Agricoltura e di commercio di Torino sui prodotti dell'Industria de'R. Stati ammessi alla Pubblica esposizione dell'anno 1838 nelle sale del Real Castello del Valentino (Turin: Chirio e Mina, 1838).
- ^ "Expositions publiques des produits de l'industrie française avant 1850" (PDF). archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr. 2005. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ^ Quarta esposizione di Industria e Belle arti al Real Valentino. da Remi amera di Agricoltura e di commercio di Torino, e notizie sulla patria industria, compilate da Carlo Ign. Giulio, relatore centrale (Turin: Stamperia Reale, 1844).
- ^ "Osler & Faraday – Wilkinson-plc". Archived from the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ^ King, Ed (2007). "The Crystal Palace and Great Exhibition of 1851" (PDF). gale.com. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ^ Giudizio della Regia Camera di Agricoltura e di commercio di Torino sulla quinta Esposizione di industria e di belle arti al Castello del Valentino nel 1850 et notizie sulla patria industria (Turin: 1851).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Pelle, Findling, ed. (2008). "Appendix B:Fair Statistics". Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 414. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.
- ^ a b c Pelle, Findling, ed. (2008). "Appendix D:Fairs Not Included". Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.
- ^ Paci, Giacomo Maria (1854). Relazione della solenne pubblica esposizione di arti e manifatture del 1853 tratta dai fascicoli XCVIII e XCIX degli Annali Civili del Regno delle Due Sicilie. Stab. Tip. del Ministero dell'Interno.
- ^ Rivista di Firenze e bullettino delle arti del disegno ... (in Italian). 1858. p. 208.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lowe, Charles (1892). Four national exhibitions in London and their organiser. With portraits and illustrations (1892). London, T. F. Unwin. p. 28. Archived from the original on 4 June 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d The Monthly Chronicle of North-country Lore and Legend: V.1–5; Mar. 1887-Dec. 1891. W. Scott. 1887.
- ^ "Côte-d'Or – Culture. En 1858, Dijon organisait son exposition universelle". www.bienpublic.com (in French). Retrieved 2019-10-09.
- ^ a b c Beauchamp, K. G.; Beauchamp, Kenneth George (1997). Exhibiting Electricity. IET. ISBN 978-0-85296-895-6.
- ^ Album descrittivo dei principali oggetti esposti nel Real Castello de Valentino in occasione della sesta Esposizione nazionale i prodotti d'industria nell'anno 1858 (Turin: presso Ufficio dei brevetti d'inveznione con Gabinetto di disegno industriale e litografico, 1858).
- ^ "Exposition Universelle at Metz". The Scotsman. Midlothian, Scotland: British Newspaper Archive. 19 February 1861. p. 2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Goode, G. Brown (1883). "The International Fisheries Exhibition". Science. 1 (16): 450–1. doi:10.1126/science.ns-1.16.450. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1758889. PMID 17808075.
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- ^ McCarthy, Conal (2008). "Dunedin 1865". In Pelle, Findling (ed.). Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.
- ^ "Photographs Exhibited in Britain 1839–1865: details of 1865, Dublin, International Exhibition". Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
- ^ Industrial Exhibition at Sierra Leone, 1865: Its History, French and English Catalogues, Appointment of Jurors, Their Reports, and Lists of Their Awards. Hatchard and Company. 1866.
- ^ "O Portal da História – Cronologia do Liberalismo de 1853 a 1868" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ The Monthly Chronicle of North-country Lore and Legend: V.1–5; Mar. 1887-Dec. 1891. W. Scott. 1887.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pelle, Findling, ed. (2008). "Appendix D:Fairs Not Included". Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 424. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.
- ^ "Copenhagen Scandinavian Industry and Art Exhibition 1872". jdpecon.com. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
- ^ James Higgins (2005). LIMA A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-19-517890-6. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "LIbGuides: World's Fair Collection: Alphabetical List of World's Fairs by City". Fresno State Henry Madden Library. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
- ^ "1865 – Dublin Exhibition – Architecture of Dublin City, Lost Buildings of Ireland – Archiseek – Irish Architecture". 2010-02-05. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "World's Fair Never Held by Date". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ^ "Report of the St. Helena Industrial Exhibition for 1874: presented to His Excellency the governor, 13th August 1874". H.M. Stationery Office. 1874-08-13. JSTOR 60232158.
- ^ THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS. 1874. p. 376.
- ^ "Interior views of Franklin Institute Exhibition, 1874. [graphic]. | Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections". digital.librarycompany.org. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
- ^ "Vol. 24, No. 1233, JULY 7, 1876 of The Journal of the Society of Arts on JSTOR". www.jstor.org. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
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- ^ "THE QUEENSLAND FIRST INTERCOLONIAL EXHIBITION". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842–1954). 1876-09-25. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
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- ^ "From the Great Exhibition to the Festival of Britain, 1851–1951" (PDF). p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
- ^ "First National Industrial Exhibition | Part 1: Expositions Held in and before 1900 | Expositions, where the modern technology of the times was exhibited". www.ndl.go.jp. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
- ^ Lowe, Charles (1892). Four national exhibitions in London and their organiser. With portraits and illustrations (1892). London, T. F. Unwin. p. 29. Archived from the original on 4 June 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ "The London International Agricultural Exhibition at Kilburn". The Graphic. Vol. 20, no. 501. 5 July 1879. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ Leahy, Richard (2018-08-15). Literary Illumination: The Evolution of Artificial Light in Nineteenth-Century Literature. University of Wales Press. ISBN 978-1-78683-269-6.
- ^ "THE ADELAIDE EXHIBITION". South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA : 1839 – 1900). 1881-07-21. p. 4. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
- ^ Beutner, Jeff. "Yesterday's Milwaukee: Milwaukee Industrial Exposition Building, 1880s". Urban Milwaukee. Retrieved 2023-02-14.
- ^ Pelikán, Kristóf (2023-01-28). Toth, Mark (ed.). "1881. "Országos Nőiparkiállítás Budapesten" Sn emlékérem". Darabanth Auctions (in Hungarian). Hungary. Archived from the original on 2023-01-28. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
- ^ "International Medical and Sanitary Exhibition, 1881, South Kensington, Saturday, July 16th, to Saturday, August 13th : official catalogue". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
- ^ Tseng, Alice Y. (2004). "Styling Japan: The Case of Josiah Conder and the Museum at Ueno, Tokyo". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 63 (4): 472–497. doi:10.2307/4128015. ISSN 0037-9808. JSTOR 4128015.
- ^ "Inauguration Day". Exhibition supplement to The Inquirer. 16 November 1881. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ^ "Electrical appliances exhibited at the 1882 Electrical Exhibition, including chandeliers and the first telegraph instrument. Wood engraving, 1882". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- ^ a b "Edinburgh Events". Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "LA EXPOSICIÓN CONTINENTAL SUDAMERICANA (15-3-1882) El arcón de la historia Argentina" (in Spanish). 2015-12-15. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
- ^ "THE BOOK OF THE FAIR: Chapter the First: Fairs of the Past (Text)". Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ^ "List of world's fairs".
- ^ "1884 LONDON International and Universal Exhibition". Fiddlebase. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
- ^ Davison, Patricia. Visual Narratives of the Anglo-Zulu war. Horns engraved by an unknown African artist. p. 32.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Pelle, Findling, ed. (2008). "Appendix D:Fairs Not Included". Encyclopedia of World's Fairs and Expositions. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 425. ISBN 978-0-7864-3416-9.
- ^ Scaife W G S (1999). "The Inventions Exhibition in London 1885". From Galaxies to Turbines: Science, Technology and the Parsons Family. p. 596. doi:10.1201/9781420046922.ch1 (inactive 2024-11-12). ISBN 978-0-7503-0582-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ "The International Shipperies Exhibition". Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ "Exposición general de las Islas Filipinas, 1887". Biblioteca Digital Hispánica. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
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- ^ Not generally considered an official World's Fair as the celebration had no national pavilions or international representation. CGJ was essentially a California Exposition and not an international exposition or World's Fair. This is a comment and not really a reference
- ^ "Earls Court". Exhibition Study Group. 2004. Archived from the original on 2015-07-11. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
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- ^ Edinburgh Events: Scottish National Exhibition 1908 Archived 2019-03-27 at the Wayback Machine, EdinPhoto
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